“舌尖上的罂粟壳”为何屡禁不绝？******
火锅、羊肉汤、卤制品成添加罂粟壳重灾区
“舌尖上的罂粟壳”为何屡禁不绝？
在火锅汤料、卤味熟食中添加罂粟壳，几乎已成为不少餐饮从业者为吸引顾客铤而走险的公开秘密。
2月1日，四川攀枝花市中级人民法院公布一起典型案例，米易县一家羊肉汤锅店主余某在羊肉汤里掺罂粟壳，将煮出来的羊肉卖给顾客食用。最终，法院以生产销售有毒有害食品罪，判处被告人余某有期徒刑十个月，缓刑一年。
记者梳理100余起案例发现，火锅、羊肉汤、卤制品等都是添加罂粟壳的重灾区。多数被告人供述称，加罂粟壳在食品中是为了“提味增鲜”“吸引顾客”。值得注意的是，大多数被告人系初犯，犯罪情节较轻，适用缓刑多。有专家曾发文指出，在食品中添加罂粟壳犯罪之所以泛滥，关键在于违法成本过低。
案例：
为了吸引更多顾客
羊肉汤锅加罂粟壳
40多岁的余某家住四川省米易县，他与妻子在当地经营一家羊肉汤锅店，主要售卖羊肉汤锅和羊肉米线等。2021年9月中旬，余某感觉身体不适，刚好店门口来了一位卖中草药的老人，他便叫老人配了两副中药。配完药后，老人告诉余某，在羊肉汤中加入罂粟壳，能够让羊肉汤和羊肉味道更加鲜美。
为了吸引更多顾客，他便花了30元钱，在老人那里购买了3颗罂粟壳。2021年9月21日晚，余某在准备煮羊肉的香料包时，把3颗罂粟壳搓碎后添加在料包里。次日早上，他把添加了罂粟壳的料包放在锅里和羊肉一起煮，然后给顾客食用。
后执法人员将余某售卖的羊肉汤查获并送检，检验出含吗啡143毫克/公斤，检测结论不合格。余某如实供述其在羊肉汤中添加罂粟壳的犯罪事实。
探因：
为何屡禁不止？
利益驱使、违法成本较低
据悉，罂粟壳属于国家公布的《食品中可能违法添加的非食品物质和易滥用的食品添加剂名单》中的物质，根据最高人民法院、最高人民检察院《关于办理危害食品安全刑事案件适用法律若干问题的解释》的规定，应当认定为有毒、有害的物质。
不容忽视的是，罂粟壳食用后或对人体产生危害。此前，有执法人员向记者介绍，罂粟壳是毒品原植物，里面含有可待因、吗啡等物质，如果长期食用的话，会造成人注意力和记忆力功能衰退，严重时可能对神经系统、消化系统造成损害，出现内分泌失调，甚至导致呼吸停止而死亡。
2021年5月，四川攀枝花市西区，一家羊肉米线店为了招徕顾客，连续两天将家中存放的罂粟壳粉，添加在羊肉汤内供消费者食用，有群众吃了米线之后尿液检测呈现阳性。
违法添加罂粟壳为何屡禁不止？归根结底是利益的驱使。记者梳理相关判例发现，多数犯罪嫌疑人的供述称，加罂粟壳在食品中是为了使其味道更好。他们之所以铤而走险添加罂粟壳，是因为听闻：“在食品中加入罂粟壳能增加食品的鲜味，甚至让人上瘾，增加回头客。”
2018年，《人民检察》发表的《在食品中添加罂粟壳犯罪问题实证分析——以40起案件数据为样本》指出，在食品中添加罂粟壳犯罪之所以泛滥，关键在于违法成本过低。司法实践中，由于“罂粟壳”案件缓刑适用率偏高，再加上判处的有期徒刑刑期有限，大大降低了行为人的惩罚成本。
成都商报－红星新闻记者 江龙
中新网评：处理核污水绝不是日本自家私事******
中新网北京1月19日电(蒋鲤)日本政府近日称，将于2023年春夏期间开始向海洋排放经过处理的福岛第一核电站核污水。日本罔顾国内民众及周边国家的屡屡反对，企图将核污水“一倒了之”，把一件关乎全球海洋生态环境和公众健康的事当成了自家私事。
资料图：日本福岛第一核电站。2011年，福岛核电站事故发生后，大量放射性物质泄漏到大气层和太平洋，对周围环境造成了难以逆转的伤害，数十万人被迫撤离该地区。时至今日，作为日本邻国之一的韩国仍未解除福岛海鲜禁令。
日本以核污水存储能力即将达到上限为由，在2021年4月13日，正式决定将福岛第一核电站核污水排入太平洋。过去一年多，日本政府和东京电力公司一直在持续推进核污水排海计划。
日本政府辩称，这些核污水经多核素处理系统(ALPS)处理后很安全，甚至“可以喝”，这样的表态无疑在愚弄大众。
事实上，经过处理的核污水仍含有多种放射性物质，核污水一旦排放入海就无法回收，长期来看，将会给海洋生态带来难以估量的潜在威胁，最终危害人类健康。
因此，核污水排海计划推出后，遭到日本民众强烈反对。日本《朝日新闻》2022年3月公布的问卷调查显示，福岛县、宫城县和岩手县受访的42个市町村长中，约六成反对东京电力公司福岛第一核电站核污水排放入海。日本全国渔业协会联合会也多次申明立场，反对该计划。
日本政府认为，核污水排海是最便宜、最省事的解决方案，但此举却将周边国家乃至全世界置于核污染风险中。太平洋非日本一家之海，核污水会随着洋流流动，其影响势必会跨越国界，危害周边国家乃至整个国际社会的公共福祉和利益。
《韩国经济新闻》发文称，相关研究认为，福岛核污水如果排放入海，约7个月后将到达济州等韩国海域，该国水产业和旅游业将遭受相当大的损失。
德国南极海洋机构也曾发出警告，若日本将所有核污水排入海中，不到半年，整个太平洋都将面临高度辐射威胁，包括远在大洋另一端的美国。太平洋地区人民更是对日本该计划持反对意见。
日本作为《联合国海洋法公约》缔约国，有义务保护海洋环境。然而，在核污水排海方案的正当性、核污水数据的可靠性、净化装置的有效性、环境影响的不确定性等问题上，日本未能作出科学、可信的说明。
国际原子能机构技术工作组虽已三次赴日实地考察评估，但尚未就日排海方案的安全性给出结论，并且对日本提出诸多澄清要求和整改意见。在此情况下，日本仍执意推进核污水排海工程建设，这是极不负责任的行为。
太平洋不是日本的下水道，日本必须正视各方合理关切，在与周边国家等相关利益方和国际原子能机构充分协商后，制定合理的核污水处理方案。日本也要着眼长远，若只顾眼前，执意将核污水排放入海，不仅其自身，周边国家乃至全世界都将为之买单，其后果必将会危害数代人。
Fukushima water disposal by no means Japan’s own business
By John Lee
(ECNS) -- Japan has announced it will release treated wastewater from the wrecked Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant into the Pacific Ocean this year.
Although Fukushima wastewater disposal affects global marine ecological environment protection and public health, Japan has turned a deaf ear to domestic and international opposition to dumping the contaminated water into the sea, treating the "global" matter as its own business.
The Fukushima accident in 2011 had sent large quantities of radiation into the atmosphere and the Pacific Ocean, causing irreversible damage to the surrounding environment, and hundreds of thousands of people were forced to evacuate the area. South Korea still maintains its import ban on Japanese seafood from areas affected by the Fukushima nuclear disaster.
On April 13, 2021, Japan announced it had decided to discharge contaminated radioactive wastewater in Fukushima Prefecture into the sea due to dwindling storage space, with the Japanese government and plant operator Tokyo Electric Power Company Holdings Inc. promoting the release plan over the past year.
The Japanese government argues that the water treated by an advanced liquid processing system, or ALPS, is safe and drinkable, which is undoubtedly fooling the public.
In fact, the treated wastewater still includes a variety of radioactive substances and can’t be recycled once discharged into the sea, which will pose a great threat to marine ecology and ultimately endanger human health in the long run.
Therefore, the discharge plan has been strongly opposed in Japan. According to a questionnaire conducted by The Asahi Shimbun, nearly 60 percent of mayors of 42 municipalities in Iwate, Miyagi and Fukushima prefectures oppose the discharge plan. The National Fisheries Cooperative Federation of Japan has also repeatedly stated its opposition in public.
The Japanese government believes that dumping Fukushima wastewater into the sea is the cheapest and most convenient solution, but neighboring countries and even the whole world will be at risk of nuclear pollution.
The Pacific Ocean doesn’t belong to Japan and the wastewater flow along oceanic currents will surely break boundaries and endanger public welfare and the interests of neighboring countries and even the international community.
The Korea Economic Daily reported that related research concluded that if contaminated water from Fukushima is released into the ocean, it would only take seven months for the contaminated water to reach the shores of Jeju Island, with the country's aquaculture and tourism suffering considerable losses.
According to the calculation of a German marine scientific research institute, radioactive materials will spread to most of the Pacific Ocean within half a year from the date of discharge, and the U.S. and Canada will be affected by nuclear pollution. People in the Pacific region also oppose the discharge plan.
As a participant of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, Japan has the obligation of protecting the marine environment.
However, it hasn’t offered a full and convincing explanation on issues like the legitimacy of the discharge plan, the reliability of data on the nuclear-contaminated water, the efficacy of the treatment system or the uncertainty of environmental impact.
Though the IAEA has yet to complete a comprehensive review after three investigations in Japan, the Japanese side has been pushing through the approval process for its discharge plan and even started building facilities for the discharge. It is rather irresponsible for Japan to act against public opinion at home and concerns abroad.
The Pacific Ocean is not a private Japanese sewer. The country must seriously heed the voices of the international community and make a reasonable plan for the Fukushima wastewater disposal after full consultation with stakeholders and international agencies.
If it only seeks instant interest and insists on discharging the contaminated water into the sea, not only itself, but also its neighboring countries and the entire world will pay for the decision and several generations will be forced to bear the consequence.
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